Box tree moth — A New Defoliator of Boxwood

Late Box Tree Moth Larva
Box tree moth is an invasive species that causes defoliation of boxwood, webbing leaves together and dropping massive amounts of excrement.

Areas Detected

Source: https://inspection.canada.ca/plant-health/invasive-species/insects/box-tree-moth/eng/1554215562798/1554215563084
First detected in the Greater Toronto Area in 2019, this pest has spread to surrounding areas. Active populations can be found on our beloved boxwoods in a large are that spans from Oshawa to Cookstown to Kitchener and down in Niagara. There are two generations of box tree moth in southern Ontario.

Pest Biology

Early Larva Feeding Box Tree Moth
Feeding damage from early instar larvae of box tree moth
Mature Larva Damage Box Tree Moth
Damage from late instar larva of box tree moth, note how edges of leaf margins are left behind

When temperatures become warm in late-April/May, usually >15C, overwintered early-instar larvae will venture out of their winter cocoon to feed on the surface tissue of the leaves. Larvae are green with black striping and black heads. Note how young larvae feed on just the leaf surface, as they have small chewing mouthparts. Chewed leaf tissue becomes desiccated and will turn light brown after a few weeks. Also note the webbing and excrement amongst the chewed foliage and twigs. A second generation of larvae can be found hatching in July and August.

 

 

 

 

As larvae mature, they shed their skins (molt) in order to increase their body size. With each molt, larvae acquire a larger set of mandibles and will eventually consume entire portions of leaves, quite often leaving just the margin of the leaf behind. Note the webbing and excrement amongst the chewed foliage and twigs.

Managment

Box tree moth larvae can be effectively managed with the biological insecticide Bt, a naturally occurring bacterium found in the soil that is also registered for organic food production. Bt is the same biological insecticide that is applied by air over the City of Toronto to combat spongy moth larvae during epidemic years. Bt works best when sprayed thoroughly on foliage with adequate pressure to penetrate the dense canopy and webby larval colonies. When Bt is sprayed on the foliage, leaf-munching box tree moth larvae consume it. Within an hour of ingesting the B.t. residue, the larvae stop feeding and then expire within 48-72 hours. We find that 2 or 3 applications of Bt per season can be very effective at reducing box tree moth populations. Call US  or send us a message, for a free estimate to treat your boxwood and keep them protected from defoliating, invasive insect species.

Check out our video. Scouting for Box Tree Moths

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