How To Grow a Tiny Forest: The Miyawaki Forest Comes to Ontario

With climate change, biodiversity loss, and urban sprawl accelerating, more Ontario property owners are turning to a tiny but mighty solution: the Miyawaki forest. These ultra-dense, fast-growing native forest patches are not only beautiful—they’re powerful tools for restoring ecosystems, sequestering carbon, and bringing the spirit of the wild back to even the smallest patch of land.

Whether you’re stewarding a suburban yard, rural acreage, or community greenspace, the Miyawaki method can transform it into a thriving native forest in just a few years.

Who Was Dr. Akira Miyawaki?

Akira Miyawaki Photo
Dr. Akira Miyawaki

Dr. Akira Miyawaki (1928–2021) was a visionary Japanese botanist and plant ecologist who developed a method for rewilding degraded land by densely planting native species. His work was deeply influenced by the idea that native forests, if given the right conditions, will thrive faster and more robustly than we ever imagined.

He created over 1,700 forests in Japan and around the world, often in just 10-20 years. The method has since been adopted globally, including in India, China, Europe, and more recently in Canada and the United States.

Why a Miyawaki Forest in Ontario?

Ontario’s natural heritage is rich with native species that evolved to thrive in our soils, our climate, and form relationships with pollinators and wildlife. Since most of our land has been cleared or altered, reintroducing native forest ecosystems, especially in urban spaces, can support and augment:

  • Biodiversity (birds, insects, fungi, mammals)
  • Carbon sequestration from the atmosphere
  • Flood and erosion mitigation
  • Cooler microclimates
  • Healing and beauty for people and the earth

According to Afforestt, an organization founded by Shubhendu Sharma (a former student of Akira Miyawaki), research has found that Miyawaki forests grow up to 10 times faster, are 30 times denser, and 100 times more biodiverse than conventionally planted forests. As Sharma likes to say, established Miyawaki forests become “a tiny jungle party”.

Isn’t a High-Density Forest Too Crowded to Thrive?

A Miyawaki forest just 2 years after planting (courtesy of Afforestt)
A Miyawaki forest just 2 years after planting (courtesy of Afforestt)

According to Boomforest.org, the super-high density of the plants means that the trees and shrubs can quickly form a micro-climate on the site. The close plant spacing will support the acceleration of canopy closure, where leaves capture most of the sunlight so it no longer reaches the ground (much like a natural forest). Canopy closure often occurs within about 3-4 years of planting. Canopy closure has several beneficial consequences for the site: lower ground temperatures, better water retention, and less light for weed competition during the forest’s initial establishment period. Boomforest.org goes on to say that “a study carried out in Sardinia, in an environment presented as very hostile to reforestation due to drought and wind, underlines the fact that the benefits of density outweigh any disadvantages (such as the mortality of certain seedlings after a few years). In other words, the trees are more resistant as a community than if they had been planted further apart,” which is how they are commonly planted in the Ontario landscape.

 

On top of this, the trees and shrubs build relationships with each other.  Trees, especially those of the same species, will often graft their roots together over time. These root grafts allow the trees to share resources such as water, sugars and nutrients. With the great work of researchers such as Dr. Suzanne Simard, Professor of Forest Ecology at the University of British Columbia and Author of Finding the Mother Tree, we now understand that tree roots also form intimate relationships with other tree roots through the mycorrhizal fungi that network tree roots together within the soil. This fungal network allows pivotal sharing of resources and also supports tree-to-tree communication. The close proximity of the tree and shrub roots to each other in a Miyawaki-style forest accelerates the establishment of this fungal-root network, which is so important for forest health and resiliency. 

How to Plan a Miyawaki Forest on Your Property

The Miyawaki method mimics the structure of a natural forest model
The Miyawaki method mimics the structure of a natural forest
  1. Choose Your Site Wisely
  • Size: Although 100 to 200 square meters is ideal, even 3 to 10 square metres is enough for a thriving pocket forest in an urban area. For size reference, 3 square meters is about 6 feet by 6 feet.
  • Light: Full sun or light shade is best.
  • Access: Make sure you can get irrigation water and people to the site for planting and maintenance (e.g. weeding, watering).

 

  1. Assess the Soil
  • Get a basic soil test (pH, texture, compaction) and use this information to choose the most appropriate species for your site
  • Note drainage, previous land use, and compaction (if lawn or road base) which would require extra land preparation to loosen soil.

 

  1. Design for Layers and Diversity
  • Shrub layer (dogwoods, elderberry, serviceberry)
  • Sub-tree layer (ironwood, chokecherry, hawthorn)
  • Tree layer (sugar maple, white oak, white pine, etc.)

Choose 25–30 native species if possible, ideally all locally indigenous to your eco-region.

 

Great local resources for native species:

Site Preparation (1–6 Months Before Planting)

  1. Remove grasses and vegetation from the plot.
  2. Loosen soil: Deep tilling or broad-forking helps break compaction.
  3. Add organic matter: Mix in compost, leaf mulch, well-aged manure, or mushroom compost. Avoid peat moss since it degrades quickly and does not contribute to the soil.
  4. Create berms or mounds to plant into where drainage is poor (e.g. heavy clay soils).
  5. Create soil rings or moats around the plants to help intercept and retain rainfall and irrigation during plant establishment.

Planting the Forest (Spring or Fall)

Miyawaki Forest Planting

Best times to plant: April–May or September–October.

Steps:

  1. Mark a planting grid: Typically 3–5 trees/shrubs per square metre.
  2. Dig holes just deep enough for the roots.
  3. Plant densely and water well. Roots should flare out at the top of the soil.
  4. Mulch thickly (10–15 cm) around plants with woodchips or leaf mulch and avoid piling mulch against plant stems (it will smother the plant and cause stem dieback).
  5. Protect with staked fencing to keep deer and rabbits from browsing on your fledgling forest.

 

Planting is often done as a community event or ceremony. Get the whole family or neighbourhood involved!

Beautiful Trees Jen Planting a Miyawaki forest with fellow tree lovers at the Aurora Arboretum
Beautiful Tree's Jen Planting a Miyawaki forest with fellow tree lovers at the Aurora Arboretum.

Maintenance: The First 3 Years

A newly planted Miyawaki Forest in Danehy Park Cambridge MA USA. Courtesy Dino Kuznik for Sugi 1
A newly planted Miyawaki Forest in Danehy Park, Cambridge, MA, USA. (Courtesy Dino Kužnik for Sugi)
  • Water deeply once a week for the first 2 summers (if dry).
  • Weed manually (no chemicals) until the canopy closes, usually within 2–3 years.
  • No pruning or fertilizing needed, this is a wild forest, not a garden.
  • Watch it thrive! Growth rates of 1 metre per year are not uncommon.

After 3 years, the mini-forest becomes self-sustaining! Sit back and watch it grow.

Ready to Grow Your Own Forest?

We are now offering custom Miyawaki forest planting, and maintenance services from the Greater Toronto Area up to cottage country. We can help you bring a piece of wild nature back home. Let’s reforest our communities and our hearts, one tiny forest at a time.

Contact Us to book a consultation and begin your own forest story.

How to Grow a Tiny Forest: The Miyawaki Method in Ontario

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